Physical science is a subject in light of different formulas. It mainly contains the concepts of speed, velocity, acceleration, and distance. Everything you see in your surroundings works as per the formulas of Physics. Speed, velocity, and acceleration increase are the three fundamental ideas in Physics and each item chips away at these three ideas. They are the essential physical science equations which you should know for dominating the subject. Allow us to examine exhaustively the connection between Speed, velocity, and acceleration.
Speed
Meaning
You might believe that Speed and velocity are comparative terms, yet they are not in fact. Speed is the estimation of how a thing moves. You can isolate the speed into quick and slow. It has a mathematical value.
Formula of speed
We have been learning the average speed formula since the school days.
It is Speed= Distance/ Time.
Average Speed
The normal speed of the thing is the distance that the item ventures separated when taken to travel that distance. It is characterized by extent. Further, the normal speed is the difference in distance with time.
Ways to calculate the average speed
Consistent speed is a significant idea in this equation. Assuming that an item moves at a steady speed, the recipe for speed will be as under:
Speed= complete distance/passed time
For the most part, the article goes at various rates at a specific distance. For instance, the speed of the vehicle doesn’t continue as before all through the excursion. It changes on the outing. There are a few justifications for why the speed of the vehicle changes in the excursion like red light, speed breakers, and different obstacles out and about. These obstacles delayed down the vehicle’s speed. Then, at that point, the equation of the normal speed of the vehicle will be as under:
Normal speed= complete distance/passed time
Normal speed is estimated in units of distance, for example, miles each hour, meters each second or feet each second.
Examples of average speed
A freight train travels a distance of 160 miles in 4 hours. Calculate the average speed of this train.
Average speed= Total distance/ elapsed time
160/4 hours = 40 miles per hour
A boy drove 50 miles trip to his aunt’s house in 2 hours. His return trip took 3 hours. Calculate the average speed of this trip.
Average speed = Total distance/elapsed time, Rate=distance/time
Rate(mph) | Time (hr) | Distance(miles) | |
To | 50/1=50 | 1 | 50 |
Return | 50/2=25 | 2 | 50 |
Average speed= 50(1) + 25(2)/ 1+2 = 50+50/3
100/3= 30.34 mph
Velocity
The next important concept is velocity. It is the rate at which the thing or object changes its position. It can be defined both in numerical value and direction.
The average velocity formula is the distance covered divided by speed + direction of travel.
Let us have a look at the problems of velocity.
A person walked 6 km in just 2 hours and 3 km in just 1 hour in the same direction. Calculate the man’s average velocity for the journey.
Average velocity= distance/time= 6 km+ 3 km/2 hours + 1 hour= 9km/3 hours = 3km/h
A man begins to walk from a point on a circular field of radius 1.5 km and after 2 hours you are at the same point. Calculate the average velocity for this journey.
Average speed= distance/time= circumference/time= 2*1.5*3.14/2 hours= Pi km/h= 3.14 km/h.
If you walk in a circular area and come back to the same point where you began walking, the displacement will be zero. Then the average velocity will also be zero.
A car goes to the east direction for 120 meters in 6 seconds and then turns towards the west direction for 60 meters in 2 seconds. Calculate the average velocity.
Distance= 120 meters + 60 meters= 180 meters
Displacement= 120 meters – 60 meters= 60 meters, to east
Elapsed time= 6 seconds + 2 seconds= 8 seconds
Average velocity= Displacement/ time elapsed= 60 meters/ 8 seconds= 7.5 meters/second.
Acceleration
The third significant idea in Physics is Acceleration. Speed increase is the estimation of the adjustment of speed of a specific article at a specific time. The time is typically 1 second. Further, the speed of the item might increment or lessening at a specific time.
Acceleration Formula
It is measured in meters/second squared.
When an object changes velocity by time, it is known as constant acceleration. When an object changes the velocity by decreasing, it is known as Negative acceleration.
There are 2 equations for acceleration. The first formula includes force, mass, and acceleration which is as under:
F=ma
The second formula is as under:
Acceleration= change in velocity/ change in time
Examples
Calculate the acceleration of the object moving with uniform velocity.
When there is uniform velocity, the initial and final velocities are equal to V. The formula is as under:
Average acceleration= change in velocity/ change in time.
So, the acceleration of the object traveling at a constant velocity is zero.
The speed of the car decreases from 75 km/h to rest in 30 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the car in m/s2.
The initial velocity of the car is 75km/h and the final velocity is 0.
Average acceleration= 0-75 km/h/ 30 seconds=
We should now convert 75 km/h into m/s as under:
75 * 1000m/ 3600 s= 20.83 m/s
Average acceleration= -20.83m/s / 30 seconds= -0.69 m/s2
A car has a constant velocity of 60 km/h accelerates for 36 seconds at 1.5 m/ s2. Calculate the velocity of the car at the end of 36 seconds of acceleration.
Solution: The initial velocity of the car is 60 km/h.
Average acceleration= 1.5 m/s2= V- 60 km/h/ 36 seconds
The equation is as under:
V – 60km/h= 1.5m/s2 * 36 seconds= 54 m/s
We have to now convert 54 m/s into km/h
54 m/s= 54 m *(1km/1000m) / (1s * 1h/3600s)
= 54 * 3600 / 1000 km/h= 194.4 km/h
V = 194.4 km/h + 60 km/h= 254.4 km/h.
Interesting facts you may not know about speed, velocity, and acceleration.
The first scientist to measure the speed was Galileo.
Gravity is related to acceleration. The object falling towards the earth has increasing acceleration and low speed. It is because of earth’s gravity.
The speed of the light is the fastest in the universe.
Newton stated that the Kinetic energy of a traveling object is linear and the square of the velocity. The velocity of the thing is changed by the mass of the thing.
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